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D. K. Das , O. P. Chaturvedi , M. P. Mandal , R. Kumar

Abstract

This paper evaluates the relative efficacy of plantations of different tree species in improvement of high pH soil. The 12 tree species studied in general were effective in bringing about improvement in the soil properties as reflected by the changes in pH, EC, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Higher available N, P₂O₅ and K₂O as well as higher organic carbon percentage were noted under canopy of Albizia procera followed by Leucaena leucocephala. The pH and EC were lowest under Albizia procera and changes were observed from 8.7 to 7.7 and 0.76 to 0.40 dS m^-1, respectively in the span of 12 years. Albizia procera produced maximum litter fall (13.95 t ha^-1year^-1) followed by Leucaena leucocephala (13.25 t ha^-1year^-1) plantation. The nutrients returned through litter fall followed the order N>K>P in all the tree species and was helpful in reclamation of high pH soils.

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J. M. S. Tomar , Anup Das , Lokho Puni , O. P. Chaturvedi , G. C. Munda

Abstract

Shifting cultivation locally called jhum is an integral part in tribal life of the northeastern hill regions of India and has direct bearing on their socio-cultural systems. In order to improve and restore the degraded sites under jhum cultivation some short term and long term options have been suggested. Short term options, like proper bunding, residue cycling, use of high yielding varieties, etc. and long term viable options like terracing, water harvesting, agroforestry, integrated farming systems are some improved method of jhum cultivation. Application of appropriate techniques as per land situation would help in conservation of resources, improved soil health and sustainable production. The improvement in jhum cultivation practices would be further enhanced through complete education and awareness of tribal farmers of the region.

Keywords

Jhum, Ecosystem Degradation, Sustainability, Alternatives, North Eastern India

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R. P. Singh , O. P. Chaturvedi

Abstract

Primary productivity of six principal tree species constituting 65.1% of tree population and about 80% of the basal area of tree is examined for individual tree, species and density and area basis. The results are extrapolted to the remaining 20 species of the community. The method employed is based on harvesting of selected trees of differnt girth and measuring increment in girth of marked treeS for a period of one year. Mathematical models of increment in girth and corresponding biomass have been developed to estimate mean annual net productivity and the current annual net prductivity. Age of the trees in the natural stand was determined from regression analysis. It is shown that the method employed in forestry for determination of wood volume on the basis of mean aud current prodvctivities, grossly underestimates total productivity of the forest.

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M. Ayoub Dar , S. Nautiyal , Meena Bakshi , H. Mehta , O. P. Chaturvedi , J. M. S. Tomar

Abstract

Genetic parameters for nine pod and seed traits. and per cent germination were worked out in thirty seed sources of Acacia nilotica mostly from the state of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. Values for variability expected genetic gain were calculated for aU individual characters. Seed length, seed width and 100 seed weight exhibited high genetic variabiJity, heritability and genetic gain. Correlation study revealed that pod thickness; pod weight, seed length, seed width, seed thickness and 100 seed weight had significant and positive association with germination percentage. These traits therefore should be given priority for improving germination in Acacia nilotica.

Keywords

Genetic Gain, Genetic Variability, Heritability, Seed Traits, Germination per Cent, Seed Source And Acacia Nilotica

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K. S. Dadhwal , J. M. S. Tomar , M. Muruganandam , R. Kaushal , O. P. Chaturvedi

Abstract

North-western Himalayan region of India is blessed with vast natural resources, yet confronted with poor quality of life. Agriculture in the region is very subsistence in nature mainly to meet the livelihood and food requirements of the households. The agriculture productivity in the region is very low due to a variety of reasons including rainfed farming and low input usage. In the region, farming systems on integrated watershed management basis can be promoted for diversification, improving livelihood, soil quality and food security. Besides, it can also be helpful in soil amelioration, stabilization of degraded lands and mitigation of the impacts of climate.

Keywords

Agroforestry Systems, Integrated Farming Systems, Northwestern Himalayas, Watershed Management

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R. Kaushal ¹, Salil Tewari ¹, R. L. Banik ¹, Sumit Chaturvedi ¹, O. P. Chaturvedi ¹

Affiliations
1 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand)

Abstract

No Abstract

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Harsh Mehta ¹, M. Ayoub Dar ¹, A. C. Rathore ¹, O. P. Chaturvedi ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

Intellectual property rights play a vital role in research innovation and economy of the country. An attempt has been made to study the patenting scenario in India after the enforcement of product patent regims in 2005. The study is based on the data base of the Indian Patent Office, IPAIRS version 4.0 from 2005 to 2012. Maximum number of patents were obtained in the field of agricultural chemicals (A01N). The second most active area of research in agriculture was foodstuffs and non-alcoholic beverages, preparation or treatment, preservation of foods or foodstuffs (A23L) with 483 patents. Other prominent area, viz. (C09D) coating compositions, Dye, paints, polishes and natural resins, adhesive recorded as many as 294 and 190 (C09K) patents, respectively. New plants or processes for obtaining them and plant reproduction, followed by catching, trapping apparatus for destruction of noxious animals were other emerging areas in agriculture with 53, 51, 48, 47 and 16 patents indicating diversification in Indian agriculture/forestry sectors. Animal husbandry, silk rearing or breeding animals, new breeds (48), horticulture, cultivation of vegetables and forestry (47) (A01B). Soil working in agriculture or forestry, agricultural machines or implements registered 16 patents during the period. Assignee cross section of the granted patents revealed that maximum number of patents were obtained by the foreign companies and institution followed by Indian institutions and Indian companies. There was a sizeable share of individuals/foreign/Indian nationals holding patents in large areas of patenting in agriculture and forestry.

Keywords

Agriculture, Forestry, India, Patent Activity, Patent Analysis.

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Puran Chandra ¹, Ajay Thakur ¹, O. P. Chaturvedi ¹, T. S. Mehra ¹, Boneface Lepcha ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR RC for NEH Region, Umiam (Meghalaya), IN

Abstract

No abstract.

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Avinash Chandra Rathore ¹, H. Lal ¹, N. K. Sharma ¹, Harsh Mehta ¹, J. Jayaprakash ¹, O. P. Chaturvedi ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun 248 003, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Akram Ahmed ¹, J. M. S. Tomar ², Harsh Mehta ², N. M. Alam ², O. P. Chaturvedi ²

Affiliations
1 Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, IN
2 Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, 218 Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun 248 195, IN

Abstract

Rainfall event on a tree can be partitioned into throughfall, interception loss and stemflow. In this study, stemflow was measured for 39 rainfall events in 5-year-old plantations of 3 trees each, belonging to Morus alba and Grewia optiva in Dehradun, India. Diameter of selected Morus and Grewia trees varies from 7 to 9.3 and 8.12 to 10 cm respectively, whereas height varies from 4 to 4.5 and 5.5 to 6.5 m respectively. The minimum and maximum rainfall events recorded during the study period were 1.01 and 121.70 mm per day respectively. When the rainfall magnitude was less than or equal to 50 mm and more than 50 mm, stemflow volume from Morus was approximately 2.72 and 1.85 fold higher respectively, compared to Grewia. Maximum stemflow volume recorded for Morus and Grewia was 48,065 and 30,633 ml with respect to rainfall magnitude of 109.58 and 121.70 mm respectively. The generation of higher stemflow volume in case of Morus is due to concave orientation of branches and leaves. Results showed that a significant amount of nutrients leached from Grewia and Morus through stemflow process.

Keywords

Canopy Architecture, Interception Loss, Rainfall, Stemflow, Throughfall.

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S. B. Chavan ¹, A. R. Uthappa ¹, K. B. Sridhar ¹, A. Keerthika ², A. K. Handa ¹, Ram Newaj ¹, Naresh Kumar ¹, Dhiraj Kumar ¹, O. P. Chaturvedi ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, IN
2 ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, RRS, Pali-Marwar 306 401, IN

Abstract

Trees have been a part of life for centuries in India for sustainable livelihood security. Under the difficult climatic situations, farmers are forced to adopt tree-based systems to secure their income and livelihood. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) harvesting, collection and processing are creating several employment opportunities in the drought-prone Bundelkhand region of India. This article aims to document the livelihood dependency on trees of farmers, tribals and landless labourers for income generation. Surveys and interviews in Bundelkhand region provided an overview of the dependency of different rural communities on NTFPs such as gum, dona pattal, lac from Butea; brooms, jaggery and baskets from Phoenix; flowers and seeds from mahua; bidi leaves from tendu and sticks from bamboo for sustaining their livelihood. To promote NTFPs-based livelihood enterprises, more emphasis should be given for sustainable harvest, value-addition and marketing.

Keywords

Employment Generation, Sustainable Livelihood, Trees.

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Ram Newaj ¹, O. P. Chaturvedi ¹, Dhiraj Kumar ¹, Rajendra Prasad ¹, R. H. Rizvi ¹, Badre Alam ¹, A. K. Handa ¹, S. B. Chavan ¹, Anil Kumar Singh ¹, Mayank Chaturvedi ¹, P. S. Karmakar ¹, Abhishek Maurya ¹, Abhishek Saxena ¹, Gargi Gupta ¹, Kedari Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, IN

Abstract

The rising level of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere is a major concern, as scientific evidences show that it is the primary cause of global warming. CO₂ concentration is expected to double by the middle or end of the 21st century, with a temperature rise between 1.5°C and 4.5°C (ref. 1). The importance of agroforestry as a land-use system is receiving wider recognition not only in terms of agricultural sustainability, but also in issues related to carbon sequestration or climate change.

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